Examples and diagram of the effects of ash on jet engines

Farmers team up to rescue cattle from exposure to the toxic volcanic ash at a farm in Nupur, Iceland, as the volcano in southern Iceland’s Eyjafjallajokull glacier sends ash into the air Saturday, April 17, 2010.

The image on the top left is a true colour image from MODIS aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite, showing the Sinabung eruption. The image on the top right is the same view but showing the sulphur dioxide in purple. The bottom image is a cross section of the eruption area which shows the ash cloud in red.

Composite image of maximum observed SO2 columns for the period 20 May to 30 June 2011. The value for each grid cell equals the maximum observed SO2 columns in that grid cell for the given time period during which three major volcanic eruptions took place. Grimsvotn ( ¨ −17.33◦, 64.42◦) erupted first on 21 May, then Puyehue-Cordon Caulle ( ´ −40.59◦, −72.12◦) on 3 June and finally Nabro (13.37◦, 41.70◦) on 12 June. A plume altitude of 10 km was assumed.

https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net

Illustration of British Airways plane flying through a cloud of volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Galunggung on 24th June 1982.

A map of volcanic ash advisory centres

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) total column data taken by the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A and Metop-B

https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de

Volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions from Indonesia’s many volcanoes are shown in shades of orange. The data was produced from observations from NASA’s Aura satellite.

https://www.nasa.gov